Upconversion nanoparticles possess unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and medical treatments. However, their potential toxicity remains a considerable concern. This review aims to provide a thorough analysis of the toxicity associated with upconversion nanoparticles. It investigates various as

Zinc oxide is a mineral renowned for its remarkable power to shield delicate skin. This calming element has long been employed in a range of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its exceptional protective qualities. Forming a physical barrier on the skin's surface, zinc oxide effectively reflects harmful sunlight, help